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В Риме обнаружили древнейший еврейский ритуальный бассейн за пределами Ближнего Востока

Археологи, работающие в древнеримском портовом городе Остия Антика, расположенном на территории современного Рима, обнаружили самый древний еврейский ритуальный бассейн за пределами Ближнего Востока, а также масляную лампу, украшенную менорой, датируемую пятым-шестым веками, пишет Live Science.

«Находка ритуального бассейна, известного как миква, подтверждает масштабы постоянного присутствия, роль и значение еврейской общины в Остии на протяжении всего императорского периода Рима», - рассказал директор Археологического парка Остия Антика  Алессандро Д'Алессио.

Летом 2024 года археологи, проводившие раскопки в самом центре древнего города, обнаружили узкую прямоугольную комнату с небольшой лестницей, ведущей на 1 метр вниз, в выложенную штукатуркой яму.

В одном из углов сооружения находилось отверстие, через которое по трубе подавалась вода для наполнения миквы. Такие миквы используются в еврейской традиции для очищения людей и предметов.

Во время раскопок миквы археологи также нашли фрагменты штукатурки и мрамора, черно-белые мозаики, статуэтки и масляные лампы. Одна из ламп была украшена изображением меноры в верхней части, а в нижней - лулава, пальмового прута, часто используемого в еврейский осенний праздник Суккот.

Еврейское присутствие в Риме относится ко второму веку до нашей эры, а ко времени существования Римской империи еврейская община значительно выросла. Хотя они составляли религиозное меньшинство, римские евреи были в целом приняты. Особенно это было характерно для крупных и космополитичных городов, таких как Остия, портовый город всего в 30 километрах к западу от Рима.